What is PCB?
A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is an electrically conductive sheet of insulating material, such as fiberglass, with a metallic circuit or track printed or etched on it.
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the foundation of almost all modern electronic devices. Printed circuit boards are the foundation on which all other electronic components are assembled, whether they are simple single-layered boards like those found in garage door openers, a six-layer board like those found in smart watches, or over 50-layer, very high-density, high-speed circuit board like those found in supercomputers and servers.
Semiconductors, connectors, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and radio devices are all connected to one another on the PCB. A PCB may be found in practically every electronic device we use on a daily basis, including mobile phones, tablets, televisions, computers, laptops, keyboards, mouse, military weapons, airplanes, and satellites.
Types of PCB:
- Single Sided PCB or Single Layer PCB
- Double Sided PCB or Double Layer PCB
- Multilayer PCB
- Flex PCB or Flexible PCB
- Rigid PCB
- Rigid-Flex PCB or Rigid-Flexible PCB
Here, we will design a single layer board.
Circuit Explanation – ‘Light detection circuit:
Here, LDR is Light Dependent Resistor. When there is no light, the LDR resistance will be approximately 1Mohm; when there is light, the LDR resistance will be approximately 500ohm. So, when there is no light or dark, the LDR1 will be approximately 1M, so through the R1, there will be no current, and Q1 will remain off, and D1 will also be off. But when there is light, the LDR1 value will be approximately 500 ohms, and there will be a current flow through the R1, the Q1 will be on; that’s why D1 will also be light on.
Create New Project:
1. Run Proteus 8 Professional from desktop, the following window will appear, then select File > New Project to start a project.
2. The following window will appear, give a name of the project and path where the project will be saved using the Name and Path field. Then select Next.
3. Select Create a schematic from the selected template and DEFAULT template. Then click on Next.
4. Select Do not create a PCB layout from the selected template and DEFAULT template. Then click on Next.
5. If no firmware project is wanted then select No Firmware Project and select Next.
6. Finally, the following window will show a summary of the initial setup steps. Click on Finish and a window containing the Schematic Capture tab will appear.
7. Schematic capture will open
Schematic Design:
- Select Component Mode.
Press the button ‘P’ or click on ‘Pick devices’
3.Type ‘BC547’ in search box, select component and click ‘Ok’
4. Again go to ‘Pick devices’ and search for ‘Torch_LDR’, select device and click ‘Ok’.
5. Pick Resistor by searching ‘Res’.
6. Pick Green LED by searching ‘LED-GREEN’.
7. All required components are picked from ‘Pick Devices’.
8. Select any taken components to place on the schematic capture.
9. Place all picked components by this procedure
10. Now click on any components leg to connect the wires and place it wherever you want to connect.
11. Finish the wire connections.
12. Now, go to ‘Terminals Mode’.
13. Pick ‘VCC/Power’ and place it on circuit, similarly, place the ‘GND’ also.
14. Now, set the Resistor value by double clicking on the value itself.
15. For LED, the PCB footprint is not selected by default. So, we need to add PCB footprint manually by below steps.
16. Now, this is the completed schematic diagram
Simulation: If you want to simulate your project, follow the steps below.
- Firstly, delete the component 66226-002. Now, go to the Pick Devices and pick Battery from there
2. Now set the Battery voltage value to 5V
3. Now, Run the simulation
4. The LED is remained off, because the Light and LDR distance is high. To ON the LED, we need to make lower distance between LDR and Light source
5. After simulation is done, bring back the component 66226-002 to make PCB Layout
Simulation Video
PCB Layout:
- Save the project, and click on ‘PCB Layout’ sign.
2. Select ‘Component Mode’.
3. Select component and place it in suitable position.
4. Place all components.
5. Select Design Rule Manager
6. Set the parameters by below steps
7. Select Track Mode and then select T30 option
8. Now, start routing
9. After routing select output area by Mark Output Area.
10. Now select Dimension Mode, then select Board Edge.
11. Now, set the Board outline. Then click on 3D Visualizer to view the board on 3D.
12. You can change your board view by clicking there
13. Now, time to print the board. Go to Output and select Print Layout.
14. Set the parameters to print the bottom layer only, as it is a single layer board
15. Click ok and open PDF file
16. Follow below steps to print Top Silk also
17. If you want to make Gerber file to manufacture the PCB board, follow the steps below
18. The Gerber file will be saved in a Zip file format
19. If you want to manufacture this from JLCPCB, go to their site and add your generated Zip file to get the exact price for a specific quantity, by following below steps
